gets()
The
name of the function gets() stands for “get string”. The gets() function reads
till the next new line character Enter key and can include spaces and taken in
a string thus reading whole sentences and adds the NULL character to it and
assign it to the required variables which comes as an argument of the function.
Following example demonstrates the use of the function gets().
/*Demonstration
of gets() function */
main()
{
char
employee_name[20];
gets(employee_name);
printf("Employee:
%s\n",employee_name);
}
malloc ( ) function
The
malloc() function allocates a specified number of bytes in memory. The
allocated region is not filled with zero. The starting address is returned if
the function is successful. A zero is returned if the function fails to
allocate memory. To assign sufficient memory for x, we can make use of the
library function malloc(), as follows:
X
= malloc(10*size of(int))
This
function reserves a block of memory whose size (in bytes) is equivalent to the
size of an integer.
Pointer
A
pointer is a derive data type in C. it is built from one of the fundamental
data types available in C. Pointer contains memory address contains the
instruction and data as a record.
Pointer
is used to access and manipulate data stored in the memory. It is also known as
referential variable.
Unions
are concept borrowed from structures and therefore follow the same syntax as
structures. However, there is a major distinction between them in terms of
storage. In structures, each member has its own storage location; where as all
the members of a union uses the same location. This implies that, although a
union may contain many members of different types, it can handle only one
member at a time. Like structure, a union can be declared using the keyword
union as follows:
union
item
{
int m;
float x;
char c;
}code;
This
declare a variable code of type union item.
Recursion
Recursion
is a special case of chaining of a function, where a function calls itself. A
very simple example of recursion is given below:
main()
{
printf("This is an example of
recursion\n");
main();
}
When
executed this program will produce an output something like this:
This is an example of recursion
This is an example of recursion
This is an example of recursion
Execution
is terminated abruptly; otherwise the execution will continue indefinitely.
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